The
9th of Dhu’l Hijjah is known as ‘the Day of `Arafah,’ because the pilgrims at
Hajj gather at `Arafah in worship, which is one of the three central integrals
of the Hajj rituals. Its importance is such that the Prophet (Allah bless him
and give him peace) said, “Hajj is `Arafah.” [Reported in most major hadith
works]
The Day of `Arafah is important for
those not at Hajj, as well.
Abu Qatada (Allah be pleased with him)
related that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him, his
family, and companions) said, “Fasting the Day of `Arafah [9thof Dhu’l Hijjah]
expiates for two years, one prior and one forthcoming.” [Reported by Muslim,
Abu Dawud, Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah]
As such, the scholars concur that it
is highly recommended (mustahabb) to fast the Day of `Arafah [9th of Dhu’l
Hijjah], even for the one on Hajj in the Hanafi school, if it does not weaken
the pilgrim from spending the day busy in worship. [Haskafi, Durr; Kasani,
Bada’i`]
The Day of `Arafah is one of the
days when supplications (du`a) are more likely to be accepted. [Ibn
al-Haajj,al-Madhkhal; Saffarini, Ghidha’ al-Albab]
This is based on the Prophet (Allah
bless him and give him peace) saying, “The best of supplications are those on
the Day of `Arafah.” [Tirmidhi, Ahmad, Malik, and others] Imam al-Baji
explained this as meaning, ‘Having most baraka, the greatest reward, and the
quickest in being answered.’ [Baji,al-Muntaqa Sharh al-Muwatta]
The Takbirs of Eid Start on This
Day:
Allah Most High commanded us to,
“Remember Allah through the appointed days.” [Qur’an, 2.203]
Hakim recorded in his Mustadrak,
from both Ali and Ammar that they said, “The Messenger of Allah used to… make
thetakbirs from the Fajr prayer of the Day of `Arafah and would stop them after
the Asr prayer of the final day of the Days of Tashriq [13th of Dhu’l Hijjah].”
There is, however, weakness in the chain of narrators, as Imam Bayhaqi
mentioned. There are numerous hadiths that have been mentioned on this, as Imam
Jamal al-Din al-Zayla`i expounded in his Nasb al-Raya [2.266-269]
This has been established by
consensus of the Companions of the Beloved of Allah, the Prophet (Allah bless
him and give him peace). [Mawaffaq Ibn Qudama, al-Mughni 2.126 #1431]
Legal status:
It is necessary (wajib) for every
Muslim (male or female, whether praying in congregation or alone) to make the
following takbir (declaration of the greatness of Allah) immediately after each
obligatory (fard) prayer.
Time:
From: the Fajr Prayer on
the 9th of Dhu’l Hijjah (the Day of `Arafah)
To: the Asr Prayer on the 13th of
Dhu’l Hijjah.
Thus, these takbirs last 5 days, and
23 prayers.
The takbirs:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha
illa Llahu.
Wa Llahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa
lillahi Lhamd .
( اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا
اللَّهُوَاَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ )
(Allah is the greatest, Allah is the
greatest, there is no god but Allah.
And Allah is the greatest, Allah is
the greatest and to Allah belongs all praise.)
Rulings related to this:
1. The wajib is to recite this
takbir once. If done more than this, it is good. [Haskafi, Durr, quoting `Ayni]
2. The position related above that
it is obligatory for 23 prayers, whether in congregation or alone, for every
Muslim, is the position of Abu Hanifa’s students, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn
al-Hasan, and it is the position acted upon and chosen for fatwa, because of
the strength of their evidence and the inherited practice being on it, and
because it is more cautious. [Durrand Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar; al-Fatawa
al-Hindiyya, quoting al-Zahidi] Abu Hanifa’s position, that it lasts only 8
prayers, is supported by evidence, too, though, including the practice of some
major Companions such as Ibn Mas`ud (Allah be pleased with him), and was taken
by some major Hanafi imams, though a minority, such as Ibn al-Humam in hisFath
al-Qadir.
3. It is not wrong (rather, it is
recommended) to also perform it after the Eid prayer itself because the Muslims
have performed it generation after generation, so it is proper to follow their
inherited practice (that has been accepted by generation after generation of
scholars). [Durr and Radd al-Muhtar]
4. The followers must perform it,
even if the imam leaves it. [Durr]
5. Latecomers [=those who missed one
or more rakat of the congregational prayer] must perform it, but after
completing their prayer.
6. It is necessary for the
congregation to perform it out loud. [Ibn Abidin,Radd al-Muhtar, quoting
Quhustani]
7. It is necessary to make the
takbirs immediately after the salams. If one talks, loses one’s wudu, or
performs other actions completely foreign to the prayer, one has missed the
wajib. [al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya;Durr]
And Allah alone gives success.
