Question:
Will
a person (a believer) be rewarded if he listens to the Qur’aan without
understanding what he is listening to, but he knows that it is Qur’aan? Or will
he not be rewarded unless he understands what he is hearing? I hope you could
give some evidence from the Qur’aan and saheeh hadeeth.
Answer:
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Allah,
may He be exalted, has commanded the believers to listen to the Qur’aan
attentively, in a general command. Allah says:
{وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ
فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ}
'Translation':
{So, when the Qur’aan is recited, listen to it, and be silent that you may
receive mercy}[al-A‘raaf:204].
Shaykh
al-Sa‘di (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
"This
command is general and includes everyone who hears the Book of Allah being
recited. He is enjoined to listen to it and keep quiet. The difference between
listening and keeping quiet is that keeping quiet is done outwardly by not
speaking or being distracted with anything that would keep one from focusing on
listening to it.
As
for listening to it, this means that one hears it with an attentive heart,
pondering the meaning of what one is listening to. The one who adheres to these
two commands when the Book of Allah is recited will attain a great deal of
good, beneficial knowledge, ongoing and renewed faith, increased guidance and
insight into his religion. Hence Allah connected the attainment of mercy to
them, which indicates that the one who does not keep quiet and listen
attentively when the Book is recited to him will be deprived of the share of
mercy and has missed out on a great deal of good.
The
most emphatic command with regard to listening to the Qur’aan attentively has
to do with prayers in which Qur’aan is recited out loud by the imam, in which
one is enjoined to listen attentively, to such an extent that most of the
scholars say that his focusing on keeping quiet and listening attentively takes
priority over his reciting al-Faatihah etc."
End
quote from Tafseer al-Sa‘di, 314.
The
greater aim of keeping quiet and listening attentively is so that the listener
may ponder and understand the meanings, and act upon them. Imam al-Tabari (may
Allah have mercy on him) said:
Allah
says to those who believe in Him and in His Book, for whom the Qur’aan is
guidance and mercy: 'Translation' {So, when the Qur’aan is recited},
to you, O believers; 'Translation'{listen to it}, i.e. lend your ears so that
you might understand its verses and learn from its exhortation;
'Translation' {and be silent} and listen to it attentively, so that you
might understand and ponder, and do not utter idle talk during it lest you do
not understand; 'Translation' {that you may receive mercy} i.e., that you
might receive the mercy of your Lord by heeding His exhortation and adhering to
His limits and to what He enjoins upon you in the verses.
End
quote from Tafseer al-Tabari, 13/244.
If
a person manages to achieve that, i.e., keeping quiet, listening attentively,
pondering what is recited to him and understanding its meanings, that will
bring him goodness in this world and the Hereafter.
Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
"By
means of this listening, Allah guides His slaves and sets straight their
affairs in this world and the Hereafter; with this the Messenger (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) was sent, and he enjoined it upon the Muhaajireen
and Ansaar and those who followed them in truth. The early generations used to
gather for this purpose. When the Companions of the Messenger of Allah
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) gathered together, they would tell
one of their number to recite whilst they listened. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may
Allah be pleased with him) would say to Abu Moosa: Remind us of our Lord, and
Abu Moosa would recite Qur’aan whilst they listened".
End
quote from Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 11/626.
Secondly:
As
listening in the complete sense is that in which one understands and ponders,
there is no doubt that the one who does that as much is he is able is to be
commended for what he does, and he is excused for what he is incapable of. But
what one is incapable of should not be an excuse for not doing what one is able
to do of goodness. What is possible is not to be omitted because of what is
difficult; in other words, whatever a person is able to do of obligatory or
mustahabb actions is not waived because of what he is incapable of doing,
because Allah says:
{فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ}
'Translation' {So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as
much as you can}[al-Taghaabun:16].
Shaykh
Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked:
Will
a person be rewarded if he reads the Qur’aan, even if he does not understand
its meanings?
He
replied:
"The
Holy Qur’aan is blessed, as Allah, may He be exalted, says:
{كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ
مُبَارَكٌ لِيَدَّبَّرُوا آيَاتِهِ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ }
'Translation'
{(This is) a Book (the Qur’aan) which We have sent down to you, full of
blessings, that they may ponder over its Verses, and that men of understanding
may remember} [Saad:29]. So man is enjoined to read it, whether he understands
its meanings or not. But the believer who is enjoined to act upon it should not
read Qur’aan without understanding its meanings. If a person wants to learn
medicine, for example, and studies the books of medicine, he cannot benefit
from them unless he understands their meanings and they are explained to him;
in fact he will be very keen to understand the meanings so that he can apply
them. So why do you think anyone should read the Book of Allah, may He be
glorified and exalted, which is a healing for what is in the hearts and
exhortation to people, without pondering and without understanding its
meanings? For this reason the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would
not move on from ten verses until they had learned them and learned the
knowledge they contained and how to act upon it. So they learned the Qur’aan
and knowledge and action all together.
A
person will be rewarded for reading the Qur’aan whether he understands its
meanings or not, but he should be very keen to understand its meanings and to
learn these meanings from scholars who are trustworthy in their knowledge. If
he has no access to a scholar who can teach him the meanings, he may refer to
the trustworthy books of tafseer, such as Tafseer Ibn Jareer, Tafseer
Ibn Katheer and others which pay attention to the tafseer that is
based on reports narrated from the Sahaabah and the Taabi‘een (may Allah be
pleased with them)".
And
Allah knows best.
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